谢道韫：豪门里走出来的才女

　　谢道韫，豪门里走出来的才女 　　 　　清风慕竹 　　 　　“谢道韫，能咏吟。彼女子，且聪敏，尔男子，当自警。”《三字经》中提到的这位谢道韫，不仅出口成章，而且不同流俗，更难得的是，她临危不惧，有侠士风范。在风流名士辈出的魏晋时代，她绝对称得上巾帼不让须眉。现代国学大师余嘉锡说她“以一女子而有林下风气，足见其为女中名士”，难怪《三字经》要告诫说，你们那些男子，应当警惕，好好努力啊！ 　　 　　性格来自父亲遗传 　　 　　曹雪芹在《红楼梦》“金陵十二钗正册判词”中说：“可叹停机德，堪怜咏絮才。玉带林中挂，金簪雪里埋”。“咏絮才”这个典故其实就是出自谢道韫。 　　 　　谢道韫生于名门望族——东晋的谢氏家族。他们家的盛状，可以从古人的诗句中一窥踪迹。唐代诗人羊士谔在《忆江南旧游二首》中说：“山阴道上桂花初，王谢风流满晋书。”刘禹锡的《乌衣巷》更为有名：“旧时王谢堂前燕，飞入寻常百姓家。”谢家的男儿名流辈出，而女孩子中，则以谢道韫最为出类拔萃。 　　 　　据《世说新语》记载，谢道韫很小的时候，有一回下起了雪，叔父谢安就把家中几个孩子聚在屋里，亲自给他们上课，讲解文章义理。这时，雪忽然下得大了，谢安望着窗外鹅毛般漫天飞舞的雪花，灵机一动，张口问道：“白雪纷纷何所似？”二哥谢据的长子谢朗抢先答道：“撒盐空中差可拟！”谢安未置可否，把目光转向了谢道韫，只见她眨了眨眼睛，充满遐想地说：“未若柳絮因风起。”听到这样的答案，谢安满意地笑了。从此，后世称赞能诗善文的女子为“咏絮才”。 ???? ??????Ȼ??һ??Ů???ӣ?л??蹵???Ȥ??????????Ů?죬???ػ???־?????ŷ?ͬһ???????????۹⡣??һ?죬л???뺢????һ??????ʫ?????????ʴ??ң?“??????Ϊ??ʫ???????ľ?ʫ???ã?”????л??蹵ĵܵ?л????һ??վ???????????ش?˵??“???????ӣ?????????????????˼????ѩ??????”????ʫ???ԡ?С??·??ޱ???????????飬Ҳ???????ˡ?л????˵??“ʫ??????ƪ???Ҷ?ϲ??‘???????̣????????硣??ɽ??????????ο????’??”????ʫ???ԡ?????·?A????ͬ????????????????ܳ??ϳ????Ĺ??µ?ӽ̾??????֮?£?????ʫ??л???ĸ??????????о??硣л???dz????ˣ?????л????“????????”?? 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